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Lamborghini Countach
Name
The word countach (pronounced [kunt] ( listen)) is an exclamation of astonishment in the local Piedmontese language generally used by men on seeing an extremely beautiful woman. The term is often considered the equivalent of an excited obscenity in English. It can also be considered the verbal equivalent of a wolf-whistle.[citation needed]
The Countach name stuck when Nuccio Bertone first saw "Project 112" in his studio.[citation needed] The prototype was introduced to the world at the 1971 Geneva Motor Show. Most previous Lamborghini car names were associated with bulls and bullfighting.
Styling
This section does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2010)
A Lamborghini Countach LP500 viewed from the top to show its futuristic styling.
The Countach was styled by Marcello Gandini of the Bertone design studio, the same designer and studio that designed the Miura. Gandini was then a young, inexperienced designerot very experienced in the practical, ergonomic aspects of automobile design, but at the same time unhindered by them. He produced a quite striking design. The Countach shape was wide and low (42.1 inches), but not very long. Its angular and wedge-shaped body was made almost entirely of flat, trapezoidal panels. There were curves, notably the smoothly coke-bottle wing line, but the overall appearance was sharp.
The doors, a Countach trademark, were scissor doors: hinged at the front with horizontal hinges, so that the doors lifted up and tilted forwards. The main reason is the car's tubular spaceframe chassis results in very high and wide door sills. It was also partly for style, and partly because the width of the car made conventional doors impossible to use in an even slightly confined space. Care needed to be taken, though, in opening the doors with a low roof overhead. The car's poor rear visibility and wide sills led to drivers adopting a method of reversing the car for parking by opening the door, sitting on the sill, and reversing while looking over the back of the car from outside.)
The pure style of the prototype was progressively enhanced or cluttered (depending on one's point of view) by the evolution of the car to improve its performance, handling, tractability, and ability to meet mandated requirements. This began with the first production model, which included several vents which were found to be necessary to cool the engine adequately. These included the iconic NACA duct on the door and rear fender of each side of the car. The car design changes ended with a large engine vent directly behind the driver, reducing the rear view. Later additions, including fender flares, spoilers, carburetor covers, and bumpers, progressively changed the aesthetic values of the car.
The Countach's styling and visual impression caused it to become an icon of great design to almost everyone except automotive engineers. The superior performance characteristics of later Lamborghini models (such as the Diablo, or the Murcilago) appealed to performance car drivers and engineers, but they never had the originality or outrageousness that gave the Countach its distinction. The different impressions left by the various Lamborghini models have generated numerous debates and disagreements over what constitutes 'classic' or 'great' automotive design (elegant looks and style, vs. technical and engineering superiority).
Engine
Engine
The rear wheels were driven by a traditional Lamborghini V12 engine mounted longitudinally with a mid-engined configuration. For better weight distribution, the engine is pointed 'backwards'; the output shaft is at the front, and the gearbox is in front of the engine, the driveshaft running back through the engine's sump to a differential at the rear. Although originally planned as a 5 liter powerplant, the first production cars used the Lamborghini Miura's 4 liter engine. Later advances increased the displacement to 5 liters and then (in the "Quattrovalvole" model) 5.2 L with four valves per cylinder.
All Lamborghini Countaches were equipped with six Weber carburetors until the arrival of the 5000QV model, at which time the car became available in America, and used Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection. The European models, however, continued to use the carburetors until the arrival of the Lamborghini Diablo, which replaced the legendary Countach.
Construction
The Countach used a skin of aircraft-grade aluminum over a tubular space frame, as in a racing car. This is expensive to build but is immensely strong and very light (in spite of its size, the car weighs approximately 1,400 kg (3,100 lb). The underbody tray was fiberglass.
Countach models
Prototype LP500
A single prototype was built, the LP500 (the 500 standing for the 5 L displacement of the engine which was intended to be used). Painted bright sunflower yellow, the car was a stunner at the Geneva Motor Show in 1971. Sporting Gandini's original design concepts, the car's design needed extensive modification for production. In particular, the small air intake ducts on the car's rear shoulders proved insufficient to cool the engine, and large 'air box' scoops were added in that position. Large NACA ducts were added on the sides to give additional air. The experimental car was also constructed of aluminum honeycomb sheeting among other things, which was dropped for production.
The car did not survive; it was sacrificed in a crash test to gain European type approval, even though its construction method was utterly unlike production vehicles.
LP400
LP400 front-side
LP400 rear-side
The Countach entered production as the LP400 with a 4.0-litre engine. The first production Countach was delivered to an Australian in 1974. The first recorded person to own the LP400 was D. Milne, who was a member of the Australian Defence Force Transport Corps.[citation needed] Externally, little had altered from the final form of the prototype except at the rear, where conventional lights replaced the futuristic light clusters of the prototype. The styling had become rather more aggressive than Gandini's original conception, with the required large air scoops and vents to keep the car from overheating, but the overall shape was still very sleek. The original LP400 rode on the quite narrow tires of the time, but their narrowness and the slick styling meant that this version had the lowest drag coefficient of any Countach model and possibly the highest top speed. Many people like the looks of this clean, fresh original model the most of all the Countach variants, and indeed it is simple, with smooth lines and few decorations. Even the emblems at the rear simply read "lamborghini" and "Countach", with no engine displacement or valve arrangement clutter as is found on more modern cars.
LP400S
In 1978, a new LP400S model was introduced. Though the engine was slightly upgraded from the LP400 model, the most radical changes were in the exterior, where the tires were replaced with much wider Pirelli P7 units, and fiberglass wheel arch extensions were added, giving the car the fundamental look it kept until the end of its production run. An optional V-shaped spoiler was available over the rear deck, which, while improving high-speed stability, reduced the top speed by at least 10 MPH. Most owners ordered the wing. The handling of the LP400S was improved by the wider tires which made the car more stable in cornering. Aesthetically, some prefer the slick lines of the original while others prefer the more aggressive lines of the later models, beginning with the LP400S. The standard emblems ("Lamborghini" and "Countach") were kept at the rear, but an angular "S" emblem was added after the "Countach" on the right side.
There are three distinct Countach LP400S Series.
Series One The first 50 cars delivered with Campagnolo "Bravo" wheels in 1978 & 79. The very early 1978 cars had the original LP400 steering wheel. Small Stewart Warner gauges, 45mm carburettors and a lowered suspension (lowbody) setting is a trademark feature of this celebrated first series. Halfway through 1979's production, bigger gauges were employed. 50 cars were built and the last one is noted to be 1121100*
Series Two These cars are recognized by their smooth finish dished/concave wheels, and still retain the lowbody setting. 105 cars were built and the last one is noted to be 1121310*.
Series Three It is claimed that from chassis number 1121312 onwards, the cockpit space available was raised by 3 cm. These cars are recognized by their raised suspension setting. 82 cars were built, and the last one is noted to be 1121468*
LP500S
Lamborghini Countach 500S
1982 saw another improvement, this time giving a bigger, more powerful 5 litre engine, which improved performance to be more in line with Lamborghini's somewhat exaggerated claims. The bodywork was unaltered. This version of the car is sometimes called the LP5000S, which may cause confusion with the later 5000QV (next section).
The 1985 LP500S is characterized as a toy named Sideswipe in the popular TV series Transformers.
5000QV
In 1985 the engine was improved again, bored and stroked to 5.2 litres and given four valves per cylinder (quattrovalvole in Italian). The carburettors were moved from the sides to the top of the engine for better breathing unfortunately this created a hump on the engine deck, reducing the already poor rear visibility to almost nothing. Some body panels were also replaced by Kevlar. In later versions of the engine, the carburettors were replaced with fuel-injection.
For the first time, a US specification model was produced by the factory, with styling changes to allow bumpers to meet US federal standards (large, bulky bumpers were used that, to many people, ruined the smooth lines of the car). Although this change was the most notable on the exterior, the most prominent change under the hood was the use of Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection, rather than the six Weber carburettors used in the Euro-spec model. The 1985 US model had a base price of $99,500. Only two optional extras were available: a $5,500 aerodynamic spoiler and a $7,500 sound system. Many models were sold with both options.[citation needed]
25th Anniversary Countach
25th Anniversary Countach
Production
1988-1990
658 produced
Engine(s)
5.2 L (5167 cc) V12
Wheelbase
2,500 mm (98.4 in)
Length
4,140 mm (163.0 in)
Width
2,000 mm (78.7 in)
Height
1,070 mm (42.1 in)
Curb weight
1,490 kg (3,285 lb)
Named to honor the company's 25 year anniversary in 1988, the 25th Anniversary Countach was mechanically very similar to the 5000QV but sported much changed styling. The rear 'air boxes' were restyled and enlarged, while the vents behind them were changed so that they ran front to back instead of side to side. In addition, a new air dam and side skirting, both with air intakes, were fitted, and the taillights were restyled to be narrower, with body-colored panels replacing the upper and lower parts of the previous large taillights. The styling changes were unpopular with many, particularly since the intakes had strakes in them that appeared to mimic those on the Ferrari Testarossa, but they improved the engine's cooling, a problem the Countach had always struggled with. It also featured 345/35R15 tires; the widest tires available on a production car at the time. The Anniversary was produced through 1990 when it was replaced by the Lamborghini Diablo.
Walter Wolf Countach
In 1975, Walter Wolf, a wealthy Canadian businessman and owner of the Wolf F1 Racing team in the 1970s, purchased an LP400; however, he was not satisfied with the LP400's engine and asked Dallara, the chief engineer of Lamborghini at that time and the founder of the Italian F1 racing team Scuderia Italia in the mid 1980s, to create a special high-power version of Countach. It was the "code NO 1120148" Walter Wolf special with the original "5" engine from the Countach prototype which produced 447 hp / 7900 rpm and reached a supposed maximum speed of 315 km/h (201.1 mph). This model also featured the upgraded wheels, Pirelli P7 tires, large fender flares, and front and rear spoilers of the LP400S model. It was painted in red, with black fender flares, and was designated "LP500S" like the standard Countach model from the 1980s, and was the stepping stone that led to this later production model. This first Walter Wolf car is currently located in Japan. Two other Wolf Countaches were produced, one painted blue, NO 1120202 (currently in Germany) and one navy blue, NO 1121210. (This machine was owned by Mr. Wolf for a long time, but was eventually sold.)
Production figures
A total of 2,042 cars were built during the Countach's sixteen year lifetime:
prototype
LP400
LP400S
LP500S
LP5000QV
25 Anniversary
1
157
237
321
676
650
Substantially more than half were built in the final five years of production, as Lamborghini's new corporate owners increased production.
Countach replicas
In 1984, Rod Ladret of Ladret Design Studio located in Alberta Canada began producing and marketing a replica of the Countach. The form for the kit was sculpted from plaster and then a fiberglass mold was made of the form. The kits and cars Ladret Design Studio built included a tube frame chassis with an American V8 power plant. Ladret Design Studio built 141 of these replicas and the industrial clients who purchased his fiberglass forms have built several thousand over the past two decades. As of 2007 there are still several companies building kits based on Ladret's forms built in 1984. In 1993, Ladret ceased manufacturing the Countach replica and moved on to other projects.
From around 1985 until the late 1990s, several companies replicated the Countach with varying degrees of success. In 1985, Gary Thompson and Pete Jackson rented a real Countach from an up-market Manchester car-rental company and made a glass-fiber mold of it. This mold resulted in a number of UK-based manufacturers producing their own Countach replicas. A few were able to produce remarkably good replicas, including Paul Lawrenson of Prova Cars, Alan Booth of Sienna Cars, Phil Cheetham of Mirage Replicas, and Brightwheel Replicas. DC Supercars now has Phil Cheetham moulds and is producing Countach replicas.[citation needed]
References
^ a b Countach LP500
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Preceded by
Lamborghini Miura P400SV
Fastest street-legal production car
296 km/h (183.9 mph)
Succeeded by
Ferrari 288 GTO
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Scania Simillima $81.25 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Scania simillima is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in the Magallanes and Antartica Chilena Region of Chile and Neuquen, San Martin de los Andes and Bariloche in Argentina. The wingspan is 3335 mm. Adults are on wing from January to February. The Noctuidae or owlet moths are a family of robustlybuilt moths that includes more than 35,000 known species out of possibly 100,000 total, in more than 4,200 genera. They constitute the largest family in the Lepidoptera. Their distribution is worldwide with about 1,450 species found in Europe. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 104 Publication Date: 2010/09/20 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.25 inches |
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USS Scania (Aka40) $79.66 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles USS Scania (AKA40) was an Artemisclass attack cargo ship named after the minor planet 460 Scania, which in turn was named for the southernmost historical province of Sweden. She served as a commissioned ship for 2 years and 4 months. Scania (AKA40) was laid down on 6 January 1945 under Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 1901) by WalshKaiser Co., Inc., Providence, R.I.; launched on 17 March 1945; sponsored by Mrs. Thomas Maguire; and commissioned on 16 April 1945, Lt. Comdr. Ben C. Gerwick, Jr., in command. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 124 Publication Date: 2010/09/08 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.29 inches |
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Scania Head by Tech Lighting $128 The Tech Lighting Scania Head is a streamlined, European-inspired head with a plated or matte painted finish. The Scania head rotates 360 degrees and pivots 180 degrees in order to direct the beam. Includes a Snap Louver Lens Holder that can hold a single lens or louver (sold separately). Tech Lighting, headquartered in Skokie, IL, is known for their innovative lighting systems and exquisite lighting designs. Their passion for art, sophistication and imagination is balanced by rigorous testing and quality control in the creation of their line-voltage and low-voltage lighting, including the Tech Lighting FreeJack and monorail systems and track heads. The Tech Lighting Scania Head is available with the following: Details:Metal constructionSatin Nickel finishHead rotates 360 degrees and pivots 180 degreesSnap Louver Lens HolderLow-voltageETL ListedOptions:Color: Burnt Sienna, Linen, or Metal.Mounting: Freejack, Monopoint, Monorail, or Two-Circuit Monorail.Size: 3", 6", or 12".Mounting Details:Freejack: See Related Items for mounting options.Monopoint: Includes one 4" round flush canopy and low-voltage transformer.Monorail: Includes Freejack adaptor for Monorail installation.Two-Circuit Monorail: Includes Freejack adaptor for Two-Circuit Monorail installation.Lighting: One 50 Watt 12 Volt Low-voltage Type MR16 Incandescent lamp (not included). Shipping: This item usually ships within 3 to 5 business days. Dimensions: Head: Width 4.8 In. |
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Scania Sonans $17.99 Db Productions:25 |
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BRUDER Scania Müll-LKW orange $42.99 BRUDER Scania Müll-LKW orangeBRUDER Scania R-Serie Müll-LKW, Farbe: orange. Premium bis ins Detail - das ist der Leitspruch der SCANIA R-Serie. Das wie gewohnt detailgetreu nachgebildete Fahrerhaus hat eine Frontscheibe aus bruchsicherem Polycarbonat. Die Spiegel des SCANIA LKWs können angeklappt und die Türen können geöffnet werden. Der komplette Be- und Entladevorgang des Müll-LKWs wird über eine einzigartige Drehrad-Mechanik gesteuert, bei dem gleichzeitig zwei Mülltonnen entleert werden können. Durch die flexible Trägerkonsole ist die gleiche Verfahrensweise auch beim Müllcontainer möglich. Masse: ca. L 62 x B 18,5 x H 26,5 cm. Achtung! Nicht für Kinder unter 3 Jahren geeignet, da Kleinteile verschluckt werden können. Erstickungsgefahr! |
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BRUDER Scania m. Container-Wechselbrücke $44.99 BRUDER Scania m. Container-WechselbrückeBRUDER Scania m. Container-Wechselbrücke und Mitnahmestapler. Die Scania R-Serie ist ein Synonym für Wirtschaftlichkeit und Dynamik. BRUDER bietet eine Version mit drei Achsen, einer Containerwechselbrücke sowie einem Mitnahmestabler an. Der Containeraufbau der Zugmaschine ist dabei in alle Einzelteile zerlegbar, weist ausklappbare Stützfüsse sowie Flügeltüren am Heck auf. Das Fahrerhaus zeigt das Scania typische, dynamische Design. Klappbare Aussenspiegel sowie eine Verglasung aus hochwertigem Polycarbonat sind selbstverständlich genauso vorhanden, wie Türen zum Öffnen oder eine Ergänzungsmöglichkeit für ein Light & Sound Modul (Art.-Nr. 3351022). Massstab: 1:16. Ab 3 Jahren. Achtung! Nicht für Kinder unter 3 Jahren geeignet, da Kleinteile verschluckt werden können. Erstickungsgefahr! |
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Headland over a Bay, Hano, Stenshuvud, Scania, Sweden $129.99 Panoramic Images Headland over a Bay, Hano, Stenshuvud, Scania, Sweden - Wall Decal |
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SIKU Scania R620 mit Radlader $44.99 SIKU Scania R620 mit RadladerSIKU Scania R620 mit Radlader. Aus hochwertigem Zinkguss mit Kunststoffteilen. Im original- und detailgetreuen Design. Mit zahlreichen beweglichen Teilen für jede Menge realistischen Spielspass. Massstab 1:50. Achtung! Nicht für Kinder unter 3 Jahren geeignet, da Kleinteile verschluckt werden können. Erstickungsgefahr! |
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BRUDER Scania LKW mit Kippmulde $30.99 BRUDER Scania LKW mit KippmuldeBRUDER Scania LKW mit Kippmulde. Premium bis ins Detail - das ist der Leitspruch der SCANIA R-Serie. Funktionalität, Verarbeitung und Design dieses Fahrerhauses sprechen für sich. Somit ist es auch keine Überraschung, dass dieses Fahrzeug zum Highlight der LKWs der Profi-Serie von BRUDER wird. Das wie gewohnt detailgetreu nachgebildete Fahrerhaus hat eine Frontscheibe aus bruchsicherem Polycarbonat und bietet die Möglichkeit, das für viele Artikel verfügbare Licht und Sound-Modul, zu verwenden. Die Spiegel des SCANIA LKWs können angeklappt und die Türen können geöffnet werden. Die kippbare und fixierbare Mulde hat eine Heckklappe zum Öffnen und Abladen des transportierten Ladegutes. Für besonders schwere Ladungen ist der SCANIA Kipp-LKW mit vier Achsen und robusten Weichreifen ausgestattet. Masse: ca. L 54 x B 18,5 x H 24,3 cm. Achtung! Nicht für Kinder unter 3 Jahren geeignet, da Kleinteile verschluckt werden können. Erstickungsgefahr! |
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BRUDER Scania Tieflader m.CAT-Bulldozer $53.99 BRUDER Scania Tieflader m.CAT-BulldozerBRUDER SCANIA R-Serie LKW mit Tieflader und CATERPILLAR Bulldozer. Premium bis ins Detail - das ist der Leitspruch der SCANIA R-Serie. Funktionalität, Verarbeitung und Design dieses Fahrerhauses sprechen für sich. Somit ist es auch keine Überraschung, dass dieses Fahrzeug zum Highlight des LKWs der Profi- Serie von BRUDER wird. Das wie gewohnt detailgetreu nachgebildete Fahrerhaus hat eine Frontscheibe aus bruchsicherem Polycarbonat und bietet die Möglichkeit, das für viele Artikel verfügbare Licht und Sound-Modul, zu verwenden. Die Spiegel des SCANIA-LKWs können angeklappt und die Türen können geöffnet werden. Der Tiefladerauflieger besitzt eine voll funktionsfähige Drehschemel-Kupplung und klappbare Stützen bieten sicheren Halt. Die Auffahrrampen können abgeklappt und die Fahrzeugarretierung zur Sicherung des geladenen Fahrzeugs kann verstellt werden. Das Räumschild des CATERPILLAR Bulldozers ist sowohl höhenverstell- und Achtung! Nicht für Kinder unter 3 Jahren geeignet, da Kleinteile verschluckt werden können. Erstickungsgefahr! |
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SIKU R/C Scania Zugmaschine mit Akku $136 SIKU R/C Scania Zugmaschine mit AkkuSIKU R/C Scania Zugmaschine m Akku. Solozugmaschine Scania R620 Zugmaschine in edlem schwarz mit Power-Akku. Der rund 900 Gramm schwere Scania verfügt über einen bärenstarken Motor und den SIKU-Power-Akku. Die proportional ausgelegte Fahrfunktion ermöglicht ein fein dosiertes Fahren. Die stufenlose Lenkung beeindruckt durch präzise Lenkmanöver und kleine Kurvenradien. Die Beleuchtung vorne und hinten, die Blinker sowie die Rundumleuchten sind mit lichtstarken LEDï s ausgerüstet. Die Sattelkupplung kann über das Fernsteuermodul elektronisch geöffnet und geschlossen werden. Zum Betrieb des Modells ist ein Funk-Fernsteuermodul (Art.-Nr. 6708) und ein Ladegerät (Art.-Nr. 6706) der SIKUControl32-Serie notwendig. Beide sind im Lieferumfang NICHT enthalten! Massstab: 1:32. Masse: L 19,6 x B 9,0 x H 12,2 cm Achtung! Nicht für Kinder unter 3 Jahren geeignet, da Kleinteile verschluckt werden können. Erstickungsgefahr! |
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Scania Low Voltage Head $150 Clean European-inspired head with a plated or matte painted finish. Features: Head rotates 360eg;. Pivots 180eg; to direct the beam. Includes Snap Louver Lens Holder. Can hold a single lens or louver (sold separately). Socket terminates with FreeJack male connector, which may be installed into a system connector. Elements ordered with a system prefix include a connector for that system. |
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Stone Age Scania $36.56 No Synopsis Available |
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BRUDER Scania Liebherr Kran-LKW mit L&S $54.99 BRUDER Scania Liebherr Kran-LKW mit L&SBRUDER SCANIA R-Serie Liebherr Kran-LKW mit Licht und Sound-Modul. Im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes ragt der imposante Liebherr-Kran-LKW aus der BRUDER Range der Nutzfahrzeuge. Der LKW-Kran hat bei ausgefahrener Teleskoplänge bereits eine beachtliche Grösse und kann durch einen Zusatzauflieger nochmals auf eine Kranarmhöhe von 1,30m verlängert werden. Erreicht wird eine hohe Standfestigkeit gegen Kippen durch die schwenkbaren und individuell einstellbaren Stützfüsse der Fahrzeugplattform. Für noch mehr Stabilität lässt sich das angebaute Ausgleichs- gewicht wie beim Originalkran verwenden. Eine neu entwickelte Seilwinde mit Feststelleinrichtung und Überlastsicherung ermöglicht ein spielend leichtes Handling des Kranhakens beim Heben und Senken, auch von grossen Teilen. Wie beim Original besitzt der LKW den Scheibenschutzrahmen und eine zu öffnende Schiebetür. Ein in die Plattform integriertes Werkzeugfach rundet die vielen Funktionen des Krans ab. Masse: ca. L 62 x B 18,5 x H 27 cm. Achtung! Nicht für Kinder unter 3 Jahren geeignet, da Kleinteile verschluckt werden können. Erstickungsgefahr! |
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Guaranteed 100% Scania P380 + CIFA mixer toy $50 DIE-CAST MODEL |
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Ecology and Economy in Stone Age and Bronze Age Scania $29.25 No Synopsis Available |
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1991 Valmet RTD 1523 Log Loader $6500 Enclosed cab with heater, Scania 6 cylinder engine, 15000Kg Max lifting capacity, 33.25-35 Front tires, 18.00 R25 Rear tires, Grapple,Grapple removed for transport, No CE certificate available from seller - No CE label on machine, |
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Bruder Scania R-Series Liebherr Crane With Lights And Sounds $81.88 The impressive Liebherr crane truck literally towers above the BRUDER range of utility vehicles. When the telescopic length is extended, the crane truck is already of considerable height and can be extended even further with an additional boom. Our small customers will be impressed because when the crane boom is at full length with the additional attachment and fully raised, it is 51.2 inches high and will tower above some of the little builders. Given the size, it must naturally also be stable. A high level of stability to prevent the crane truck tipping over is achieved with the swiveling and individually-adjustable support legs of the vehicle platform. For even greater stability, the installed counterweight can be used just like an original crane. To ensure it is heavy enough, it can be filled with sand. A newly developed cable winch with a locking device and overload protection make it very easy to get to grips with the crane hook, even when lifting and lowering large parts. Bruder's love of detail exte Type: Cars & Trucks Gender: Male |
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Scania Ab : Labor Productivity Benchmarks and International Gap Analysis $204.75 No Synopsis Available |
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Scania Ab : International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis $204.75 No Synopsis Available |


US $23.99












































